See ciwun on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cywan<alt:tywun>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tekʷ-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-der.?\nProto-Germanic *þewazder.\nOld Ruthenian тивунъ (tivun)bor.\nOld Polish tywun\nPolish ciwun\nInherited from Old Polish tywun.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tekʷ-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-der.?\nProto-Germanic *þewazder.\nOld Ruthenian тивунъ (tivun)bor.\nOld Polish tywun\nPolish ciwun\nInherited from Old Polish tywun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cywun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "tywon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "ciun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cijun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ciwun m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ci‧wun"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ci‧wun"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "ciwunowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "pl:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "pl:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bailiff; steward (land official, estate manager or border judge)"
],
"id": "en-ciwun-pl-noun-fIFfir1F",
"links": [
[
"bailiff",
"bailiff"
],
[
"steward",
"steward"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, in Poland or Lithuania or dialectal, Northern Borderlands, Lithania) bailiff; steward (land official, estate manager or border judge)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Poland or Lithuania or dialectal"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podlachia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "pl:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Titles",
"orig": "pl:Titles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of gumienny (“threshing floor chief”)"
],
"id": "en-ciwun-pl-noun-8~8n7rt-",
"links": [
[
"gumienny",
"gumienny#Polish"
],
[
"threshing floor",
"threshing floor"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Podlachia, Northern Borderlands, Lithania) synonym of gumienny (“threshing floor chief”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "threshing floor chief",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "gumienny"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡si.vun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡si.vun/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡si.vun]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡si.vun]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ivun"
}
],
"word": "ciwun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Old Ruthenian",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tekʷ-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tewh₂-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ivun",
"Rhymes:Polish/ivun/2 syllables",
"pl:Nobility",
"pl:Occupations",
"pl:People",
"pl:Titles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cywan<alt:tywun>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tekʷ-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-der.?\nProto-Germanic *þewazder.\nOld Ruthenian тивунъ (tivun)bor.\nOld Polish tywun\nPolish ciwun\nInherited from Old Polish tywun.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tekʷ-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-der.?\nProto-Germanic *þewazder.\nOld Ruthenian тивунъ (tivun)bor.\nOld Polish tywun\nPolish ciwun\nInherited from Old Polish tywun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwunowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cywun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciwon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "tywon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "ciun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cijun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ciwun m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ci‧wun"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ci‧wun"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "ciwunowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"bailiff; steward (land official, estate manager or border judge)"
],
"links": [
[
"bailiff",
"bailiff"
],
[
"steward",
"steward"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, in Poland or Lithuania or dialectal, Northern Borderlands, Lithania) bailiff; steward (land official, estate manager or border judge)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Poland or Lithuania or dialectal"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Podlachia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of gumienny (“threshing floor chief”)"
],
"links": [
[
"gumienny",
"gumienny#Polish"
],
[
"threshing floor",
"threshing floor"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Podlachia, Northern Borderlands, Lithania) synonym of gumienny (“threshing floor chief”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "threshing floor chief",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "gumienny"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡si.vun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡si.vun/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡si.vun]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡si.vun]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ivun"
}
],
"word": "ciwun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciwun meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.